Analysis of Aiding Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Aiding Violence - Essay Example Any foreign investor with an African dream must look at the tragic events at Rwanda, before planning to set his foot on the African soil. People can build a country and people can break it--how the latter course takes shape-- Rwanda is the latest example. When negative forces rule the roost in a country, a host of issues crop up, some are excavated from the history, some react to the current conditions. Rwanda stood engulfed in inequality, exclusion, and humiliation and those enterprises which established themselves in Rwanda, with the hope of doing something constructive for the people, were bewildered and utterly failed, overwhelmed by the ruthless violence. They were frustrated and defeated and all developmental and welfare activities came to a dead end. Killing each other flourished as the predominant industry! What were the factors that lead to the inner-humiliation of Rwanda, and the unprecedented genocide, which the world watched as if it had no concern? Developmental activities, even in a peaceful and well-governed country, create heartburning and severe tensions. The impact of materialistic civilization make the people believe that they are in a competitive race and they must win, even if that means trampling the interests of others. Any developmental project must be preceded by a program to educate the people, through the print and electronic media and ground realities explained to them as for the intended purpose of the project and its benefits as a whole to the Nation. This was not done in Rwanda. The inexperienced rulers played in to the hands of the developmental agencies, and conflicts began to take shape. The conflicts ignored over a period, lead to the mass conflagration. In this 1994 genocide, 1,000,000 lost their lives. It was not one country attacking the other country. It was a civil-war, even though indirect support to various factions fighting could not be ruled out. But the basic question is, why this happened in the 20th

Video game controversy Essay Example for Free

Video game controversy Essay Introduction â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"Battlefield†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, these are some popular video games from the last decade. If you are born after 1990s, you definitely have heard or played one of these games. Video or computer games have rapidly growing for the last decade, especially for teenage boys, it is a necessity entertainment for them. As of 2001, roughly 79 percent of America’s youth played video games, many of them for at least eight hours a week. (Layton, Julia, 2008) However both mass media and researchers start to make concerns on that video games are affecting the behavior of our generation, of the way they think or distinguish things. So is video hazardous or is it just what the ideal public wanted it to be like? As for myself, I personally agree with what the media was concerning about. The main assumption the media are making is that video games are contributing inadequate message to teenagers, which made them receive information that they are not able to digest yet and let them believe the world in video games are the same as reality without any consequences. Gender inequality still happen? â€Å"In mass media, male characters appear more frequently, talk significantly more, and engage in noted behaviors more, such as achieving and showing leadership†(Thompson Zerbinos, 1995). Women are usually recognized as subordinate and passive dependent to men. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) Basically all the popular video games are made for men. â€Å"FIFA†, â€Å"NBA†, â€Å"Grand Auto Theft† are all men game, the first two are sports game, and there is girls leagues however they are not making for girls due to small market share so that they cannot have one sport game that using their favorite players to play instead have to play the men one or choose not to play. In the game â€Å"Biohazard†, the story line has one girl character, even so she is just a subordinate of the other men character, she needs to follow what the men order is and cannot work alone because men are the leader and they have the power. When teenagers play these sorts of games, they might tend to start not to respect girls since they saw in game that they have all the power and girls cannot overrule them. It is unlikely for teenagers to identify right or wrong when different resources have different answers. Gender stereotyping When you see a black man on the street, your natural reactions are to try to avoid any contact with them because deep in your mind, you have this image implied that they are most likely criminal. According to my research, black men are more likely to be portrayed as criminal; Asian men and girl are usually portrayed as culturally ignorant and submissive. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) In the game â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, game character are mostly brown and black men, it hardly will be a white person, when you keep playing it, it will be likely that you have already convey this image that most of the brown and black men were bad people. In addition, teenagers who played a lot of video games received this image might easily get affected by it and will lose the chance to think critically, also lack of knowledge or direct contact with these race made their attitude stronger and have misunderstanding once they saw them. Starting from ancient time, women usually work as a prostitute. In Dietz’s (1998) study shows that women are likely generally in four stereotypes, which is sex objects or prizes, victims, feminine role or heroes and action character. It is not surprising that 28% of women character were portrayed as sex objects based upon physical appearance or sexually-oriented actions. (Yi Mou Wei Peng, 2008) You may argue that women are portrayed or treated as this were a while before, and it can trace back to long time ago, in addition it will not be because of video games. However, in a YouTube video that shows a video game named â€Å"Grand Auto Theft†, there is scene or gameplay that the character could find a hooker and have sexual conduct with him. (GTA 5 Sex with hooker, 2013)Children and Teenagers brains usually are still developing, and that made them more easily to receive whatever information they get from video games. In addition, it may lead to teenagers who are not mentally ready for it and will not be able to differentiate if it is logical or not. So this brings to my question before, does video games affect how women are portrayed? I would said it is, it is true that women got more attention and get respect more nowadays, but if they created this sort of scene in a video game, it means that they have no reflection. Also they have made the situation worse than before because they have insert scene, which should have a parent guide before teenagers play, in order to that, they let them to gain access to it way too easy and may eventually encourage them to start of prostituting. Dream or reality. â€Å"A game can be more fun when you get the chance to act and be like your ideal self† explained by social psychologist Dr. Andy Przybyisk. (Nauert, Rick, 2011) Studies have been said that people play video games to try and get close to an† ideal self† and not to escape reality is not true, allowing them to play a new identity will make themselves feel better such as increasing their self esteem. (Mail Outline, 2011) From my research, it said people do not watch television like playing video games. They interact with them; games are also based on reward system. So when we started played in video games, we may attach personally feelings and insensibly involved too much and start losing our true identity and eventually become very addict to the character in game and cannot extricate them. Since reward from these games are high and gamers might get what they cannot get in reality, the respect or the attention that they could not earned. That is why they want to seek all of this in game, in addition losing themselves in video games and might not even be able to know which one is reality or dream. One Taiwanese teenage played forty hours video game without eating and sleeping are a good example at how he is losing his own identity during his game. He is playing a game named â€Å"Diablo III†, which his identity character in the game do not need to eat or sleep. In addition time passed by so fast and he is extremely concentrated on adapting to his new identity, he completely forgot about reality, which later he cannot escape it anymore. (Andy, 2011) In conclusion, video games do affect a children growing healthily for now. However I do not think it will be a good idea to kick this entertainment away from teenagers. In the 1950s, lots of people blamed comic books for kids’ behavior, but look at where has it become now. â€Å"Batman†, â€Å"Superman†, â€Å"Iron Man†, these classic comic who once was getting blamed on turned into a great movie one after another. â€Å"Entertainment has always made a great scapecoat†. It has been blamed by years. Although I do agree that company need to carefully produce their product, I think that people have responsibility too. As I stated before, a teenagers died from playing over forty hours of game, to be honest, before doing anything you should have known where your limits are and you should been able to control it. It is similar to eating, if you eat or drink way over what your body should absorb then for sure you will get fat or diabetes from it. However at this moment It has derivative too big of a problem that makes people worry about such as shootings from The United States, teenagers died from gaming a numerous time. I understand it is nearly impossible to control every bodies mind, despite that; company should create games that could pursuit our happiness and at the same time be responsible to the society. Point being is to balance the work that they are doing, mass media are always concerns about public safety, if the public are getting threatened by it, they will use all of their power to try tear you apart, media influence is extremely strong, so if they can show a good balance between games and society, when they got trust then video games will definitely last forever as a good entertainment to teenagers. Yi Mou Wei Peng(2008). Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Popular Video Games IGI Global, 922-937 GTA 5 Sex with a hooker (2013). Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VM1d5icyHVA Layton,Julia(2008) â€Å"Do violent video games lead to real violence? † HowStuffworks Retrieved from http://electronics. howstuffworks. com/video-game-violence. htm Nauert, Rick (2011) â€Å" Playing with Personality and esteem in video games† Psychcentral. Retreived from http://psychcentral. com/news/2011/08/04/playing-with-personality-and-esteem-in-video-games/28349. html Kilhefner, Johnny(2013) â€Å"Identity Crisis: The Search for Character and Self in Videogames†. Retrieved from http://www. popmatters. com/feature/163393-dolls-and-characters-in-video-games/ â€Å"Video gamers play to ‘adopt’ a new identity and experience superpowers(2011) MailOnline. Retrieved from.

Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species

Isolation and Identification of Listeria Species Alesha Coleman-McCallum Title: Isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth (pre-enrichment), UVM 11 broth (selective enrichment), Palcam and Oxford agars (selective plating) also confirmation using biochemical tests. Objectives: To isolate Listeria species from chicken sample To observe the reaction of listeria on selective medium To confirm the Listeria species using biochemical tests Introduction Listeria is a genus of aerobic parasitic, gram positive rod-shaped bacterium (Define, n.d). This genus has more than 10 species with the commonly encountered being: Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria grayi, Listeria murrayi. Members of this genus are extensively spread in the environment and maybe found in soil, plants, gastrointestinal tract of animal and humans. Listeria monocytogenes species is of great concern because it is pathogenic to humans and causes Listeriosis. Listeriosis is a foodborne illness (Hardy Diagnostics, 1996). Listeria monocytogenes is different from most bacteria since it can grow in the cold, salt, acid and air-tight conditions. The increased demand of ready to eat foods especially in first world countries has the potential of listeriosis more eminent. Pregnant women, older adults, young children and immunocompromised persons are more susceptible to Listeriosis infections. Therefore cooking, pasteurization/applying heating steps to food, avoiding raw meat and milk/ moist or processed food and washing hands regularly may reduce the risk of infections. (FDA, 2004). According to Food Quality Safety USA [4] a dry and clean work environment is crucial in avoiding listeria outbreaks in the food industry. Methods for Identification Methods used in BI208 lab for identification of Listeria were Palcam broth (pre-enrichment) then UVM 11 broth for selective enrichment step, Palcam (selective agent) and Oxford agars (selective and differential agent). For confirmation of species: organism was plated on a blood agar to check for hemolysis. Biochemical test included SIM tube for motility, mannitol, D Xylose and L Rhamnose reactions obtained. Other methods that could be used to identify listeria species are: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Rapid Identification Kits and Serological tests (MFHPB-07, 2012). Results Table showing results obtained from Listeria media reaction Media Observations Reaction Palcam Agar Shiny, smooth, circular, convex colonies. No fermentation No Hydrolsis Oxford Agar Black colour around colonies Esculin Reduction Blood Cream, hilly,glistening colonies No Beta-hemolysis Mannitol Transparent colonies Negative D Xylose Transparent colonies Negative L Rhamnose Light yellow fermentation around colonies Positive SIM Tube Umbrella shaped growth Positive Gram Stain gram positive rods Assuming Listeria monocytogenes control was used: Media Expected Results Palcam Broth Cloudy UVM 11 Cloudy Palcam Agar No fermentation Positive Hydrolysis Oxford Agar Esculin Reduction Blood Beta-hemolysis Mannitol Negative D Xylose Negative L Rhamnose Positive SIM Tube Positive Discussion Listeria innocua was isolated from the chicken sample. Listeria innocua is not usually implicated in food born-illnesses however an isolated death in an elderly patient was reported (Perrin, Bemer and Delamare, 2003). Portions of chicken sample were first placed in pre-enrichment broth in order for stressed cells to become viable and all other bacterial cells to multiply.   Enrichment stage is to partially suppress unwanted organisms and allow listeria to thrive. Oxford agar (OXA) is both selective and differential. The selective properties of OXA agar will not allow gram negative organisms to grow while suppressing most gram positive organisms (Oxoid, n.d). The different property of OXA agar will allow some species of Listeria to be totally inhibited, growth with or without blackened colonies (MFHPB-07, 2012). Palcam agar   utilizes two indicator systems: esculin and mannitol.   Listeria monocytogenes changes esculin to a black complex around colonies but does not ferment mannitol. Therefore some gram positive organisms such as enterococci and staphylococci will ferment mannitol hence can be ruled out as contaminants (Oxoid, n.d). Blood agar was used to determine if the organ ism is beta-hemolytic. Other Biochemical tests were mannitol, D Xylose, L Rhamnose and SIM Tube to differentiate and confirm the species. Since Listeria monocytogenes is pathogenic to humans a 2 Class Sampling Plan would be used to asses if the chicken is fit for consumption. Different species of an organism may exhibit variable characteristics and maybe mistaken. Listeria species were found and should be deemed unacceptable for consumption. Further testing such as PCR which is very specific could be used to conclusively identify the species present. Conclusions Based on the objectives previously outlined, isolation and Identification of Listeria species from chicken sample using Palcam broth method was very effective. References Define,n.d. Listeria Genus. Retrieved February 22, 2017 from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/listeria Hardy Diagnostics, 1996. Food Borne-illneses Retrieved February 22, 2017 from https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/Listeria.htm FDA, 2004. Food-Borne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: The Bad Bug Book U.S. FDA/CFSAN. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College park, MD. Food Quality Safety (formerly Food Quality),2007.   Retrieved February 20, 2017 from http://www.foodqualityandsafety.com/article/prevent-and-control-listeria Jay, J.M.,Loessner, M.J. Golden, D. A. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology: Indicator of Food Microbial Quality and Safety, 476-477. United States of America: Springer Science+Business Media LLC . MFHPB-07 Method, November, 2012. The isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species from food and environment samples using Palcam broth. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from  http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/res-rech/analy-meth/microbio/volume2-eng.php Monique Perrin, Michel Bemer and Catherine Delamare, 2003. Fatal Case of Listeria innocua Bacteremia: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oxoid, n.d. Enrichment Media for Listeria. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from  http://www.oxoid.com/uk/blue/prod_detail/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0856org=91c=uklang=EN US Government, n.d. Retrieved February 20, 2017 from https://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/listeria/ Zimbro, M.J., Power D.A., Miller,M.M., Wilson, G.E., Johnson, J.A., (Revised 2009). Difco BBL Manual: Palcam and Oxford Agar, Culture Media for Specific Groups of Microorganisms. United States of America: Becton, Dickinson and Company.

Cancer :: essays research papers

Cancer Today there are one in three people worldwide who are affected by cancer, and almost 60% of these people will almost certainly die. 7000 New Zealanders die every year from this disease. It is the second largest killer next to heart disease. Cancer does not just affect certain groups of people, it can affect anybody and it is not just one disease, it refers to more than a hundred diseases. Cancer is caused by carcinogens. At present, hundreds of chemicals are known to induce cancer. Normally, the body’s cells divide in an orderly way, allowing the body to grow and to heal after injury. Damage or mutations that occur to the proto-oncogenes (POG) and tumour suppresser Genes (TSG) in the genetic material (DNA and RNA) by these carcinogens bring about Cancer, which causes cells to have less control of cell division and differentiation. POGs lead to changed cells or transformed cells and cause excessive cell division. Further mutations cause the cells to become immortal. These cells continue to divide and form a ball of cells. These cells require a lot of energy and fluids flowing to maintain the high rate of the cell division. When these balls become too large for fluids to flow through, the middle of the ball dies. TSG’s act as anti-proto-oncogenes, they regulate the rate of cell division. POG’s and TSG’s constantly compete to overpower each other. These TSG’s can be mutated and this brings about a change in the control mechanism of cell division. Cells are stimulated to divide through a growth factor. Growth factor molecules bind to cell membranes of cells and send a chemical message to a receptor in the cell membrane. The receptor sends a message through the cytoplasm to the nucleus to stimulate cell division. Sometimes when these growth factors are absent the receptor in the cell membrane is mutated to send out the message to the nucleus. Cells are also stimulated to divide through the two proteins, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. When these two join together, this stimulates cell division. These proteins act on the growth inhibitor proteins P53 and PRP, which are growth inhibitor proteins. Tumours may be malignant, spreading or benign, non-spreading. Malignant tumours are aggressive, invasive, and mobile. They invade healthy tissue and continue to divide. The original cancer is called the primary tumour. If the tumour is malignant, the disease may develop in other parts of the body where secondary tumours may form.

Macbeth’s diary Essay

I am fighting for my king, Duncan, against the enemies Sweno the king of Norway, Macdthwald lord of the western isles of Scotland and the thane of Cawdor who all are traitors. The battles were very bloody there were lots of dead people most very young soldiers. I have not seen so much blood scenic I became a general in Duncan’s army. The best thing was that we were victorious and Banquo and I are going home to celebrate our victory. On our way home across the heath the weather was awful there was strange thunder and lightning, Banquo and I meet 3 weird women who said that I am the thane of Glamass, going to be the thane of Cordor and future king to be. They also told Banquo that he will be lesser than me and greater, not so happy yet much happier and he shall father kings but he will not be king. Then they disappeared it was vary extraordinary. Than Ross and Angus arrived and told me that I am now the thane of Cordor. I don’t believe it how did they know perhaps king would come true. I must tell my wife about these weird women and what they have told me. I could not believe the welcome I got at the palace at fours from king Duncan, when he made Malcolm the prince of Cumberland and heir to the throne I was vary surprised, because I wanted to be king now it would be more difficult Duncan said that he will be coming to my castle, so set off. My wife was very anxious to tell me her plan for killing Duncan. I did not think I could do it, she was very determined that I should. Duncan had arrived I let my wife greet him because I very upset about killing Duncan. At the state dinner I had to leave I did not think that I could do it. My wife came and found me and I told her I could not do it she then convened me I should and told me how to kill him and she even told me how we should react when we hear the bad news about Duncan’s death. I was very nerves about killing Duncan because I was committing treason and a sin, on the way to Duncan’s chamber I saw Banquo and Flenance going to bed as I crossed the tort yard. Banquo gave me some gifts from Duncan for my wife and me, then Banquo about a dream he had about the weird women and some of predictions came true so I told him I not think about the weird women said. After they left I had worst hallucination that I saw a dagger with blood and I tort that I was going mad because it looked so real but I could not hold it. I heard the bell and went to Duncan’s camber, thing I remember is being back in my room covered with blood and holding a daggers, I know that I had killed Duncan in his sleep I can’t come to terms with what I have done my wife tried to calmed me down because I couldn’t go and put the daggers back so she had to, we heard banging so my wife took me to change my clothes and helped me wash the blood off me. Some how I had remember how to act when I heard the news of Duncan’s death that Macduff told me about. So I immediacy went to see what had happened and pretending to be angry I killed the guards so they could not be questioned about the murder. Lady Macbeth fainted saved me from being questioned further about the killing the guars.

6 buzzword phrases to eliminate from your vocabularyÂÂ

6 buzzword phrases to eliminate from your vocabulary   We’ve all been in this position- we’re at work or on an interview and all of a sudden we accidentally say something that we quickly realize sounds so awkward, so not right that we’d give nearly anything to somehow be able to take it back†¦but we can’t. The truth is, once something is out of your mouth and into the world there’s no do over, and depending on how bad it is it you may do some real professional damage- anything from losing some on-the-job cred to sinking your chances on an interview and everything in between. What’s your best bet to avoid this situation? Simple- eliminate some obvious â€Å"red flag phrases† from your vocabulary. These include all the tired clichà ©s, boring buzzwords, and meaningless jargon that are sure to elicit endless eye rolls when they’re spoken out loud, and depending on your audience it could have real consequences.Check out the following 6 things that you should eliminate from your vo cabulary, particularly when the stakes are high and everything you’re saying counts.â€Å"I’m a workaholic.†Whether you are or aren’t really a â€Å"workaholic†- and in today’s professional world, where the balance between one’s personal life and professional pursuits gets blurrier by the minute- good luck trying to define what a workaholic is, let alone whether or not it’s even a good or bad thing. The truth is, this term has officially slipped into the meaningless clichà © bin and will garner the precise sort of reaction that it deserves, and it’s not a good one. Bottom line- most people appreciate folks who show a dedication and passion for their work, so no false modesty or false humble aphorisms are needed here.â€Å"I’m a perfectionist.†This one’s lying in the same â€Å"clichà ©d to the point of total meaningless† and- simply put- is never a good answer to any interview question that you’ll encounter, so just delete it from your memory. Yeah, we know it’s been used in the past to handle the old â€Å"What’s your greatest weakness?† question, but the truth is that this question doesn’t come up on interviews nearly as often as some people think it does, and if it does come up you should certainly come up with something more original. It’s ok to be honest and reflective when faced with this question and you can still come up with a satisfactory response- just try a little harder.â€Å"Leveraging†This is a somewhat newer buzzword that does seem to have a nice â€Å"professional sheen† to it at first listen, but what are you really saying when you use it? Typically it’s used on interviews to discuss a prior employment position that you somehow flipped into something else- does this sound like something you want a prospective employer to know that you may be looking to do in this new position if hired? May be not. Leveraging can come off as selfish, or at the very least self-centered, which may not work to your advantage when trying to sell yourself.Any and all â€Å"fillers.†Fillers are all the â€Å"likes,† umms,† â€Å"hmms,† and space-filling pauses used in conversations, and they never land well or make you look good. Fillers get especially annoying when the frequency of their use is high, and can really make you sound nervous and unpolished. Try practicing giving speeches without using fillers, and try to be mindful about when they pop up in conversation- and work hard to eliminate them from your vocabulary.â€Å"I’m nervous.†It’s ok to be nervous in life, but it doesn’t do you any favors to broadcast this to the world. Especially in your professional life and when on job interviews, your efforts should be spent trying to overcome any bouts of nervousness that you encounter- not trying to inform the world that they may be de aling with a nervous person. Work on eliminating this one from your conversations.â€Å"I don’t have any questions.†This one’s largely in reference to job interviews- where what you say really counts. Don’t forget that first and last impressions, both in job interviews and in other aspects of life, are what people tend to remember- do you want your lack of curiosity or unwillingness to engage more deeply on job interviews with some thoughtful questions be the last impression you make? Of course not. Always have a few carefully considered questions pre loaded when on interviews, it’ll really help cement the impression that you have a sincere interest in the company and position that you’re vying for.There you have it- 6 phrases that you should eliminate from your vocabulary moving forward. Follow the advice presented here, and you’ll be doing yourself a huge favor in whatever conversation situation you find yourself in!

Russian Nationalism and Ethnic Relations essays

Russian Nationalism and Ethnic Relations essays Nationalism is defined by dictionary.com as devotion to the interests or culture of ones nation. Ethnic relations are simply relations between one ethnic group and the next, how they interact and deal with each other. These two themes now that I think about have been recurring the entire quarter, in almost everything we read or saw, in one form or another. No matter where you go there are going to be differences between ethnic groups, and every group is going to interact differently. In Brother, it was Danila reacting to the Chechens on the bus, and not liking the Jews, and not having a problem with the Germans as long as they were not Jews. In Prisoner of the Mountains, Vania does not have any problem with the little girl, in fact he quite likes her, and is a nice person to her and the others such as her family. Whereas his fellow captive doesnt have any guilt about killing them and letting the man with no tongue fly off the cliff. Another example, and probably one of the best ones is Window to Paris, even though that was not mentioned on our essay topic sheet as a text to go with this particular topic I believe it factors into the equation as well, and that it is completely relevant. Window to Paris could possibly be one of the most classic examples of Russian nationalism and ethnic relations for this class. You have the Russ ians, who found this window to France, so now theyre dealing with the French, the culture, the Culture, the lifestyle, everything, because they now are IN France, and they see how different it is. When they enter France, they find it inconceivable, almost; that the French have all this food lined up in the streets at the markets, and that it does not all go to waste. The Russians do have pride in their country, I believe the word pride can be used as a synonym for nationalism, regardless of what might be said, or shown in this movie. Everyon...

Ethics in Reporting Political Issues and Elections

Ethics in Reporting Political Issues and Elections Summary The first decade of democracy in South Africa saw drastic changes in the media in relation to the normative frameworks, the ownership of the media companies, and a broadening audience.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Ethics in Reporting Political Issues and Elections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These changes propagated more friction between the government and the media because of content coverage, and the need for the politicians in power to protect their reputations. Structural issues of the media were a particular source of conflict between the media and the post-apartheid government. For instance, in 1994, Mandela was among the first politicians to condemn the media companies because they were racially imbalanced. Most of the companies were still owned by white men who had no experience in the dynamics of the difficult life that the majority of the South Africans led (Wasserman, 2006). The situation got worse toward the end of the 1990s, and the Human Rights Commission was compelled to conduct an investigation of the alleged cases of racism on the part of the media. Strengths and Weaknesses The conflict between the South African media and the government led to the development of a workshop to develop media ethics to ensure that the media didn’t serve as a tool for spreading racism. Thabo Mbeki, the successor of Mandela also indicated his worry that the media companies were extremely biased in reporting political issues of the nation (Wasserman, 2006). One of the strengths of the South African media over the years has been the ability to highlight the multicultural issues that face the citizens. Its greatest weakness has been the attainment of a balance in unbiased reporting in relation to the issues facing the minority and the majority racial groups.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Significance and Implication to Ethics in Reporting The implications of ethical reporting in the nation were the development of cohesion in the society by using the media as a tool for preaching peace and love to the nation. Working under the set guidelines also meant that journalists in the different media houses had to take part in a national audit that evaluated their qualifications. The development of ethics in reporting saw the South African media undergo various phases of change. The media started from the exclusionary phase, whereby the whites and the blacks had their respective media reporters who covered information relevant to the respective groups. The threatening-issue phase was engulfed by the whites media reports that portrayed blacks as a threat to peace. The confrontational phase began after independence, whereby the government fought to change the ownership of the media. The stereotypical selection phase involved the elimination of racially focused reporting to address other stereotypes in the society like gender. The current stage is the multi-racial coverage stage, which entails the media and the government striving to eliminate racial bias in reporting. Contribution to Understanding International Media Through the lens of the eye of the South African Media, one can understand the dynamics of reporting, whereby the media is always on a quest to deliver public interests. Media reporting is a powerful tool that can build or destroy a society, depending on the willingness of companies to embrace reporting ethics. South Africa’s case also enlightens people about the constant conflicts that the international media companies face with different political entities. Critical Questions What is the distinction between public interests and national interests? Who is the victim in unethical reporting, the government, the media or the public? Should people always trust the media to deliver publi c interests? What can compel the media to become an advocate for national and international cohesion among the people in the society?Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Ethics in Reporting Political Issues and Elections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summary The article focuses on safety for journalists in their workplaces. Journalists who remain adamant about broadcasting the truth and criticizing politicians and their ideas have faced a rough time (â€Å"Media and Political Globalization,† 2011). Many journalists have been killed under mysterious circumstances that point to their boldness in reporting political issues. For instance, the beheading of the renowned journalist, Daniel Pearl, revealed the danger that journalists face in different parts of the world as they try to report on different political issues. Many international organizations have taken the responsibility of addressing the pligh t of journalists. For instance, UNESCO, CPJ, Reporters without Borders, and many other organizations have developed programs that look to advocate the protection of journalists and their freedom of expression. It is apparent that the globalization of politics has led to the rise in killings of journalist. In the past, journalists from different nations could mingle with conflicting groups without the danger of being attacked. In the current state of globalization, journalists are becoming easy targets for terrorist groups and other conflicting militants. Strengths and Weaknesses Many journalists have died in mysterious circumstances, and this is an indication that the freedom accorded to the media is only theoretical (â€Å"Media and Political Globalization,† 2011). Others have been killed while handling fieldwork, whereby their encounters with terrorists turns sour. Journalism is a dangerous profession, especially for those who dare to report controversial stories. The globa lization of the media and politics has led to an addition to the political pressures that journalists and their media companies face while reporting. One of the strengths of being in the media is the power to change the world through the delivery of authentic controversial political information. It is, however, a dangerous endeavor for most journalists.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Significance and Implication to Ethics in Reporting Ethics in reporting dictate that the media should always give authentic information to the people. Inciting the society to make specific political decisions is unethical, and it should be eliminated by ensuring the media is protected from politicians and business entities (â€Å"Media and Political Globalization,† 2011). Failing to observe the required ethics presents the media as a direct enemy and hurdle to both public and national interests. Contribution to Understanding International Media The media companies are perfect tools for influencing political changes across the world. The article highlights different cases of journalists who have faced the ultimate injustice in the quest to bring information to the international community. The article clearly highlights the need for the international community to develop mechanisms to safeguard journalists in their work. Reporting issues of public and international interests ha s continually become a challenge because of the dangers that journalists face at work (â€Å"Media and Political Globalization,† 2011). The article paints a clear picture of the dangers of being involved in international journalism. The changing climate of politics in the globe has subjected journalists to murderous treatment by conflicting political groups, and this call for the international community to focus on the plight of journalists. Critical Questions What is the plight of journalists? What factors in the globalization of politics have led to the sudden change in the way conflicting groups treat journalists? Does the bias in reporting political issues have a role to play in the current challenges facing journalists across the world? Which intervention programs, besides the existing efforts, must be implemented? References Media and Political Globalization: Killing Stories-and Journalism. (2011). In J. Lule (Ed.), Globalization and Media: Global Village of Babel (pp. 95-120). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Wasserman, H., De Beer, A. S. (2006). Debating the media’s role in post-apartheid South Africa. In K. Voltmer (Ed.), Mass media and political communication in new democracies (pp. 59-73). London: Routledge.

Human Resource Management; Challenges and Changes Essay

Human Resource Management; Challenges and Changes - Essay Example This is an HR challenge that one perceives because it keeps him out of touch with his family and makes him feel alienated from his immediate social and family circles. Alan cannot be with his family whenever he needs to be, which is indeed something that does not go down well of his association to the organization (Werling 2005). One can be certain that other employees feel the same way but do not express such feelings as they are bound to remain tight-lipped on their feelings, emotions and sentiments within the realms of the workplace. One can believe that finding an immediate solution to this anomaly by the HR is something that will go down well with a number of employees. It will give all of them a room to feel relaxed, so that they can give their best as far as their work manifestations are concerned. HR challenges like these pose as serious threats for the new entrants within any

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example This means that; it is a poet’s place in society to act as an overseer, and point out the things that may be out of place. In the past, poets brought out the political injustices through satire. This art has extended to different fields. Also, poets have the ability to bring out different messages through the themes present in their poems. The themes offer them a chance to express what they might be feeling. As one of the oldest forms of art, poetry has its place in society as it gives individuals a chance to reinvent themselves, hence; be worthy in the eyes of society (Bloom 91). This paper will examine the theme brought out by two poets in their prime, and the comparisons and dissimilarities that occur in this theme. Walt Whitman and Federico Garcia are well-renowned poets who dedicated their skill to the world. During their era, a lot was happening in their immediate surroundings. They used their skill to communicate with individuals about what was happening to protect them , or assist them comprehend their situations. In, When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, Whitman was bringing the world’s attention to the death of a great leader (Bloom 91). It was after the assassination of Lincoln that Whitman decided to write the poem, and bring out the theme of death. It was a poem of mourning where he mourned the passing of an icon. These poems are often described as elegies. It was pastoral elegy dedicated to the fallen hero, and all that he had done. In, Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejjas, Federico wrote about his beloved friend whom he cherished and adored (Arana 159). Federico mourned the passing of his friend through a long process of grief. The theme of death in both the poems is brought out in a traditional fashion by both poets. This is one similarity that stands out in both the poems. In Federico’s poem, he brings out the traditional aspect of the elegy. He brings the long process of grief through the poem about his departed acq uaintance. This symbolism takes precedence over the life and cultural traditions that accustom an honourable person in society. In Whitman’s poem, the traditional aspect is seen through the symbolism the poet puts in the fallen president. He uses the Western star to symbolise the fallen president, and a number of other symbolic features to represent the life of the star (Bloom 91). Both these deaths were of exemplary individuals; Lincoln in Whitman’s case, and Ignacio, the bullfighter, in Federico’s case. Another similarity that is brought out in these poems is the nature that surrounds the burial of the two dignified members of society. In Whitman’s poem, nature is said to have worn a sombre mood, â€Å"nature sympathizes with America’s grief†¦as the coffin makes its long journey from Washington to Springfield.† In Federico’s poem, he also resonates with the mood that was present at the burial of the fallen bullfighter, â€Å"t he room was iridescent with agony, at five in the afternoon.† It all comes down to what the poet wants the audience to feel. The sombre mood can be felt even as the audience may not have been present at the time of the burials (Arana 169). The experience that both poets have is seen through their ability to honour the dead. Musical elements are another similarity that both poets exhibit through their elegies. In Federico’s poem, he produces the image of bones and flutes resounding in the air (Arana 189). All these are elements that bring out an eerie feeling to whoever was watching the proceedings of the death of Ignacio. In Whitman’s poem, he reflects on the virtues of the lilacs and their magnificent presence. In many of American people’s gardens, the lilacs are flowers that are well known for their delicate

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The paper will also highlight how the organisation has implemented its proposed strategies for the long term sustainability. At the same time, it will also recommend appropriate strategies for the Unilever with the aim of enhancing the competitive advantage in the global market.     Ã‚  As the discussion stresses  unilever is a public limited company, which is operating its business function in the consumer goods market. The organisation was established in the year 1929 in collaboration with Dutch organisation Lever Brothers. The organisation has become globally renowned due to exceptional brand image along with its end number of products. At the same time, Unilever has also gained goodwill from global market place due to its high quality products and services to its consumers throughout the world. Over the years, organisation has been operating its business operations in more than 190 countries. The organisation has also listed its name in the London Stock Exchange in ‘F TSE 100 Index’ constituent. At the same time, the organisation has also committed to ensure its sustainability and maintained competitive advantage in the global market through providing priority to its consumers and their changing demands.  Unilever always keep its focus towards children and farmers for better profitability and operations. Likewise, organisation has also considered healthcare related aspects in order to establish a better future.

Dismissal Meeting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dismissal Meeting - Term Paper Example Stewart & Brown (2008) outlines that the manager must keep himself prepared to deal with the expected negative emotional reactions. The supervisor or manager can award the employee with a generous compensation package (Kinicki & Williams 2009). The package could offer the employee economic benefits to reflect on the point that the management understands and is compassionate of the dismissal’s impact. Secondly, the company or manager should make an effort to find another job for the dismissed employee. This could mean researching with colleagues, business partners or friend to check if there is any recruitment taking place or if there are any openings (Holihan, 2006). In addition to this effort, the manager or the company should cover the expenses for the employee’s career counseling and provide an on-site resume writing training to the employee. This can cause loyalty from the employee being laid off (Stewart & Brown 2008). Third, the employer should fund a psychological counseling to the employee (Kinicki & Williams 2009). Many employment consultants outline that those who have lost their employment or jobs experience difficult stages of grieving. The psychologist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross stated that freshly laid off individuals experience a wave of emotions that run from anger to shock and denial, bargaining, stress, depression and finally acceptance (Holihan, 2006). Such stages need psychological counseling. The manager can offer, in agreement with the company, to fund such processes. According to Holihan (2006), prior to the meeting, the manager must provide the employee with a notification. The employee must have prior information of that there is a meeting. However, the manager shouldn’t give information of the meeting before the actual meeting is held. Second, the manager should set up a meeting. A face to face meeting with the employee is often preferred (Stewart & Brown 2008). Dismissal should never be communicated over the phone, by email or

World Civilizations II (since 1500) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Civilizations II (since 1500) - Assignment Example This strengthened the empire economically thus making it to expand. Strong army that this empire had took advantage of new military possibilities to prevent internal conflicts and conquer other empires to expand its territories. However, the empire declined due to economic and military crises. According to Bulliet, Crossley, and Headrick (586), the evolution of military technologies other firearms and military strategies that were more effective. The empire found it difficult to adapt these strategies due to their nature and costs thus resulting to military crises. These crises contributed very greatly to the decline of this kingdom. Moreover, economic crises that emerged from inflation also played a significant role in declining this empire. Inflation that affected this empire came because of flooding of cheap silver from the new world (Bulliet, Crossley, and Headrick 586). The inflation resulted to a decline in the financial power of the empire and reducing its economic strength thus making it to decline. Safavid Empire of Iran and the Mughal Empire of India were similar in several ways. However, their most conspicuous similarities were in terms of politics and religion. In terms of religion, both this two empires had a specific religion. All the citizen in those empires were forced to convert into these religions otherwise they were prosecuted. In terms of politics, both the empires were ruled by an emperor. The emperor was the one entitled to make all the major decisions in the empire ranging from when to go to war and when to negotiate with other empires for peace. Moreover, both the empires used to charge taxes to its citizens to help it in running its activities of ruling. Culture and society of Istanbul and that of Isfahan have various similarities as well as differences. The major similarity in the cultures of these two cities is that they consisted of Muslim culture. In terms of their society, both the towns consisted of a

How conservative was Hogarth's view of London Essay

How conservative was Hogarth's view of London - Essay Example Hogarth’s important works: Hogarth’s paintings portray a view of London streets that is bustling and chaotic, such that a viewer looking at the paintings gets a feeling almost of claustrophobia because they appear to be so packed and close. The angle and view which the artist presents make the view feel as if s/he is walking through crowded streets in London, as opposed to neat and well ordered ones. This feeling of being crowded and congested may be noted especially in his work titled â€Å"Southwark Fair (the humours of a fair) which is dated January 1733. This particular painting is centred around the church of St. George in Southwark. This particular painting may be a follow on of the series of eight paintings which comprised the series known as the â€Å"rake’s progress†. These were first presented by Hogarth as canvases and depicted the life of Tom Rakewell , the son of a rich merchant, who comes to London and spends away all his money on prostituti on and gambling, so that he is finally sent off to prison and on to bedlam. The last painting in the series shows an insane and violent Tom consigned to a mental hospital and the painting titled â€Å"Southwark fair† might represent Tom’s descent into bedlam.. ... As Brennan (2009) has pointed out, one out of every five women in London during that time period were prostitutes. There was a high demand for virgins and the noblemen paid a high price for the privilege of deflowering virgins. Hogarth’s portrayal of these prostitutes in his works, as also further detailed below, points out that monetary considerations took precedence over morality and virtue. Young women could earn much higher sums of money by selling out their bodies to high paying men, as opposed to plying an honest trade and working as maids or in similar professions. Hence, greed was the sole motive for the eschewing of virtue and Hogarth’s portrayal of these prostitutes is such that a fall is inevitably associated with the lives of these harlots, after years of fattening of their wallets through their earnings. Hogarth’s works of art question the existing moral standards in the London of his day. In an exhaustive discussion of black slaves and the moral and social connotations that were associated with the training of the former slaves into docile houseboys, Molineaux has noted that owning a black houseboy had become equivalent to owning a pet or a dog, so that the sight of white ladies with their black slaves had become fairly common in London. In his series of works titled â€Å" A harlot’s progress† that consist of six different plates, Hogarth details the story of a young woman who arrives in London and descends into prostitution. The second print shows the harlot in luxurious surroundings, ensconced in a parlor owned by a rich Jewish merchant, where the harlot is also attended by a monkey and a black slave, thereby signifying in a satirical manner, the so called â€Å"high standing† that this woman has attained by virtue of being the rich Jewish

Dismissal Meeting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dismissal Meeting - Term Paper Example Stewart & Brown (2008) outlines that the manager must keep himself prepared to deal with the expected negative emotional reactions. The supervisor or manager can award the employee with a generous compensation package (Kinicki & Williams 2009). The package could offer the employee economic benefits to reflect on the point that the management understands and is compassionate of the dismissal’s impact. Secondly, the company or manager should make an effort to find another job for the dismissed employee. This could mean researching with colleagues, business partners or friend to check if there is any recruitment taking place or if there are any openings (Holihan, 2006). In addition to this effort, the manager or the company should cover the expenses for the employee’s career counseling and provide an on-site resume writing training to the employee. This can cause loyalty from the employee being laid off (Stewart & Brown 2008). Third, the employer should fund a psychological counseling to the employee (Kinicki & Williams 2009). Many employment consultants outline that those who have lost their employment or jobs experience difficult stages of grieving. The psychologist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross stated that freshly laid off individuals experience a wave of emotions that run from anger to shock and denial, bargaining, stress, depression and finally acceptance (Holihan, 2006). Such stages need psychological counseling. The manager can offer, in agreement with the company, to fund such processes. According to Holihan (2006), prior to the meeting, the manager must provide the employee with a notification. The employee must have prior information of that there is a meeting. However, the manager shouldn’t give information of the meeting before the actual meeting is held. Second, the manager should set up a meeting. A face to face meeting with the employee is often preferred (Stewart & Brown 2008). Dismissal should never be communicated over the phone, by email or

How conservative was Hogarth's view of London Essay

How conservative was Hogarth's view of London - Essay Example Hogarth’s important works: Hogarth’s paintings portray a view of London streets that is bustling and chaotic, such that a viewer looking at the paintings gets a feeling almost of claustrophobia because they appear to be so packed and close. The angle and view which the artist presents make the view feel as if s/he is walking through crowded streets in London, as opposed to neat and well ordered ones. This feeling of being crowded and congested may be noted especially in his work titled â€Å"Southwark Fair (the humours of a fair) which is dated January 1733. This particular painting is centred around the church of St. George in Southwark. This particular painting may be a follow on of the series of eight paintings which comprised the series known as the â€Å"rake’s progress†. These were first presented by Hogarth as canvases and depicted the life of Tom Rakewell , the son of a rich merchant, who comes to London and spends away all his money on prostituti on and gambling, so that he is finally sent off to prison and on to bedlam. The last painting in the series shows an insane and violent Tom consigned to a mental hospital and the painting titled â€Å"Southwark fair† might represent Tom’s descent into bedlam.. ... As Brennan (2009) has pointed out, one out of every five women in London during that time period were prostitutes. There was a high demand for virgins and the noblemen paid a high price for the privilege of deflowering virgins. Hogarth’s portrayal of these prostitutes in his works, as also further detailed below, points out that monetary considerations took precedence over morality and virtue. Young women could earn much higher sums of money by selling out their bodies to high paying men, as opposed to plying an honest trade and working as maids or in similar professions. Hence, greed was the sole motive for the eschewing of virtue and Hogarth’s portrayal of these prostitutes is such that a fall is inevitably associated with the lives of these harlots, after years of fattening of their wallets through their earnings. Hogarth’s works of art question the existing moral standards in the London of his day. In an exhaustive discussion of black slaves and the moral and social connotations that were associated with the training of the former slaves into docile houseboys, Molineaux has noted that owning a black houseboy had become equivalent to owning a pet or a dog, so that the sight of white ladies with their black slaves had become fairly common in London. In his series of works titled â€Å" A harlot’s progress† that consist of six different plates, Hogarth details the story of a young woman who arrives in London and descends into prostitution. The second print shows the harlot in luxurious surroundings, ensconced in a parlor owned by a rich Jewish merchant, where the harlot is also attended by a monkey and a black slave, thereby signifying in a satirical manner, the so called â€Å"high standing† that this woman has attained by virtue of being the rich Jewish

The fast food industry Essay Example for Free

The fast food industry Essay The fast food industry has been growing more and more every year. There is a fast food restaurant in every corner. Since fast food is becoming so popular more and more people chose to go to a fast food restaurant daily. Fast food is a continuing growth industry in our country. Fast food restaurants continue to increase their popularity by lowering their prices and providing faster service for their customers. There is a huge competition between fast food restaurants and how they advertise can effect the business. There are many reasons as to why fast food has become so popular. One of the main causes is the simplest of them all, laziness. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is advertisement. There are fast food restaurants being advertised of billboards, at some schools, on the internet, and on television. Most fast food advertisements are directed to young people because they are easily persuaded. According to Haugen, young people in America are bombarded with advertising every day. A young person does not usually think of their health or other important factors that could become of eating fast food constantly, they just think that it’s what they want because they saw it on the television. Haugen states, â€Å"Marketers reach them through commercials on television and also through ads in magazines, on billboards, on the internet and even in the bathroom stalls at school† (Haugen 2008). It seems that there is no escape from fast food marketing for children. It is everywhere they turn. It is sad that advertisement companies have found so many ways to get to children to make them want to consume their product because for most of them it results in obesity. One of the most successful advertisement products comes with the kid’s meal, the toy. Many children insist on their parents buying them that meal, from that particular fast food restaurant, because they want the toy that comes with the kid’s meal. Since fast food has become so popular it has resulted in obesity for many children. The children are drawn to the fast food because of the toys that come with the meal and how it is advertised to be more appealing to children. Since the effect of fast food on children has been so drastic many fast food restaurants now have healthy choice kid meals that come with a toy as well. This could be a great alternative to help children eat healthy. Since many people have such demanding schedules they resort to fast food. According to Simplicity of Thinking, the main cause for the current expanding of fast food restaurants is that they fit with the needed speed of living everywhere (SOT 2011). This means that with an individuals busy schedule they do not have enough time to prepare a meal in the morning so they resort to fast food. An example given states that throughout the day an individual may sometimes resort to fast food more than once in order to make their life easier. Fast food makes it possible to eat on the go and live life uninterrupted. According to Think Free, since the popularity of fast food has grown people have become addicted to fast food. Eating fast food develops the habit and addiction to this kind of food (Rokotmivo 2009). the secret recipes of fast food restaurants have hidden components, regardless if they are healthy of not, they are always included in the meal. This is what makes each fast food restaurant distinct from another and makes you want to return to that same one to get that same taste that you have become addicted to. For example, getting a cheeseburger from Burger King will taste different than ordering a cheeseburger from Carls Jr. even if it is ordered with the exact same condiments. This is because of the secret ingredient that each burger has that sets it apart from other fast food restaurants. When people are addicted to fast food they will find natural and typical food less delicious and no longer satisfies their needs. Having fast food be an easy resort to cooking a meal and taking someones time away from them it has caused it to become more popular and has still effected many people in having a poor diet. Fast food is not just convenient it is also inexpensive. According to Food for Thought, a new national study of eating out and income shows that fast food dining has become more popular with lower income families (FFT 2002). Fast food has become more popular with those of lower income families. With the specials and the great deals like the dollar menu it is less expensive than preparing a meal for some families. This results in more people going to fast food restaurants. If some fruit at a grocery store costs a dollar or sometimes maybe more, people would rather go to a fast food restaurant and get something more filling like a cheeseburger off of the dollar menu. With the economy so bad it is easy to see why many people resort to fast  food over going to the grocery store. It is not only easier but in some cases it is less expensive. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is that people are simply lazy. It is true that many people havve the time and the means to cook a decent meal for themselves or their family but they resort to fast food simply because it is an easy alternative. Why is there a need to cook when it would be faster to just go to a fast food restaurant since there is one at almost every corner and order something. The lazy factor of many people has resulted in obesity. Fast food also makes a persons body want to be less inactive. After eating something from McDonald’s an individual would most likely want to take a nap or just relax and watch a movie. The effect that fast food has on the body is never good, whether its laziness or obesity. In conclusion, the cause of the popularity of fast food is great advertisement, its easy and fast, and people are lazy. The effects of fast food has resulted in it being everywhere, whether its advertised on television, on billboards, or in schools, and found on every corner. Fast food has led to many people being obese and addicted to the unhealthy choices they offer. The more popular fast food has gotten the more fast food restaurants are being built to reach the demands of society. Fast food for some people can rule their lives.

Analysis of Living Standards in the UK

Analysis of Living Standards in the UK Assignment Title: Living Standards The UK in 2013 had a population of approximately 64 million; standards of living are used to monitor and identify which areas of the UK and the world are living in penury and which areas are more affluent and are thriving. The government is responsible for identifying the contributing factors towards a wealthy region or a poor region. Burtless, G (1987, p.232) defines standards of living as â€Å"the sustained level of consumption of goods and services that can be afforded on the basis of a household’s current assets and current and future income†. Economists and economic research companies have tried and tested many different ways to record the standard of living in the UK. Living standards is a hot topic in political conversations, and the government are pressured to focus on improving the well-being of the population. Elliot, L (2014) recent article for the Guardian discusses the views of Andrew Harrop, general secretary of the Fabian Society who exclaims that â€Å"What we measure – and how we measure it – matters. The financial crisis proved that simply targeting the headline goals of GDP growth, unemployment and inflation was totally inadequate as these measures failed to identify major economic weaknesses as they emerged†. This would suggest that the government need to revisit their policy on standards of living on focus on refining them in order to achieve their objectives. Mankiw, N (2011) suggests that policymakers must accumulate factors of production quickly in order to make the population more efficient and more positive. There are many different measures of standard of living that have been developed over the past 30-40 years, there are the more traditional ways of measurement and modern, innovative and experimental measures that are both used in the world of business. Traditional standard of living measures Crafts et al (2007) suggests that historically, standards of living have been measured by assessing real wages. Real wages is the income of a person and with consideration of the inflationary effects on purchasing power. Recent UK and US wage statistics compiled by Branchflower Machin (2014) suggests that after a healthy upwards movement of the average wage in the UK in the 1990’s and early part of the 2000’s; there is an alarming downward trend from the year 2010 to 2013 where wages rates are increasingly lowering. From the graph it is also clear that the US wage growth is very little historically and there are no major fluctuations in comparison to the UK. (See Appendix 1). The Economist (2014) blames the fall in real wages on the UK’s ‘dismal productivity’ since the recession, output in the UK is below the pre-financial crisis peak. This would suggest that Britain needs more highly skilled jobs and possible incentives to boost productivity and create an efficient labour market. Real wages are effective in measuring standards, real wages statistics can be used to identify trends in wages in different countries over a particular period, this is further emphasised by the International Labour Organisation (2003) who suggest that real wages are useful for identifying differences in purchasing power of wages in different world economies, real wages can also provide an idea of the progress of a working population. Nordhaus (1997 p.30) criticises the method of calculating real wages, he states that â€Å"If we are to obtain accurate estimates of the growth of real incomes over the last century, we must some-how construct price indexes that account for the vast changes in the quality and range of goods and services that we consume†. It could be argued that countries such as the US and the UK have already constructed price indexes with the use of the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index in the last century. Another of the more traditional measures of living standards is GDP; the main GDP elements that are important for living standards are GDP per capita and Real GDP per capita. GDP per capita is the total output divided by the population of a country. Recent figures from the ONS (2014) shows a comparison of the top economies in the world of the year 1997 and 2012; from the graph (see Appendix 2) it is clear to see that the UK GDP per capita has risen but not as much in value as the likes of the US, Canada and Germany – the UK still however has the 4th biggest GDP per capita in the world. Nominal GDP per capita is often criticised by economists because it does not take inflation into consideration, so it is better to use Real GDP as the measurement because it is relevant and reflects a true value. Eurostat’s graph (see Appendix 3) shows the year on year growth percentage of real GDP per capita in the UK, the research shows a large dip after the financial crisis and since that has happened the percentage growth rate has never reached the peaks pre-financial crisis, this would suggest that productivity in the UK is low and there needs to be more employment created, which could lead to an increase the output of the country. The main positive of using GDP per capita as a measure is that it is used nationwide and recorded fairly frequently, GDP per capita is measured in quarters and allows countries to evaluate the figures and look at trends over different periods – this is important to identify which countries are trending downwards and is important at a regional level, governments can identify what areas are lacking in output and where investment needs to be focused. Whereas real wages are said to be useful in comparing the difference in wealth in economies International Labour Organisation (2003), Tucker (2013) argues there are several issues when comparing countries using GDP per capita, he suggests that low economically developed countries are not as accurate as wealthier countries when recording the data necessary for GDP. He also suggests that some countries have very different income distribution using the United Arab Emirates as an example; the majority of income comes from oil which is only distributed amongst a number of rich families. Real GDP per capita is important because it can give a true value after inflationary adjustments are made, however this measure also has some limitations. Similarly to GDP per capita, real GDP per capita fails to identify inequalities in income and wealth in a country, there is also the issue of the ‘black market’ which can he hidden amongst the value of real GDP per capita. Another traditional measure of living standards to consider is the Gini coefficient; the Gini index measures the actual distribution income in a country in comparison to an equal distribution of income. The index measures the difference between a Lorenz curve and a line of equality. The Gini index line of 0 represents equality whereas 100 would indicate inequality. The Poverty Site (2010) Gini Coefficient graph (see Appendix 4) shows a comparison of the 27 members of the European Union, at the time the UK figure stood at just over 30% which ranks sixth highest in inequality in Europe and higher than the EU27 average of 30%. The graph also shows how Scandinavian countries such as Sweden Finland have a much more equal society in terms of income despite their questionable taxation policies. The United Kingdom would likely try and target a smaller percentage to achieve better equality amongst the population. Concerns over income inequality have been raised recently. Treanor Farrell (2014) recent article for the Guardian discusses how the UK is the only G7 country with growing inequality, the article discusses findings from a Credit Suisse global wealth report show that the UK’s richest 10% of people represent 54.1% of the total national income. There will be inevitable pressure on the government from low income families that have been suffering from rising utility bills and only a small rise in wages. The Gini Co-efficient is very effective in showing the inequality in countries throughout the world, it can also help economists and businessman understand and support their thinking if they believe the country is increasing in terms of inequality of income. McKinley, T (1995 p.141) writes that â€Å"the Gini coefficient does not concentrate merely on differences from the mean; it is a much more direct measure of inequality because it accounts for the differences between every pair of observations†. The Gini co-efficient isn’t without its limitations, Parrillo (2008) suggests that the measure does not alter much when transfers are made between the rich and the poorer people. Another disadvantage of the Gini coefficient is that it fails to inform you of the changes in the distribution of income between income groups as opposed to alternative measures of living standards. Alternative standard of living measures Throughout the last 20-30 years there have been a number of alternative measures developed across the world, trying to find a better way to measure living standards. The Human Development Index was originally developed by the UN to monitor and develop a ranking of countries by the following criteria; average years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy from birth and gross national income per capita. From the most recent HDI data (see appendix 5) the United Kingdom ranks at #14 in the top 15, the HDI shows some interesting developments and differences between the nations of the world. The United States for example has a high GNI Per capita compares to other countries, their life expectancy however ranks lower than any other country in the top 15; this could suggest that the United States standard of living is not truly reflected in the HDI. Although the Scandinavian countries rank high on the HDI, Henrietta Moore of The Guardian (2014) argues that they are not the model for global prosperity; she suggests that their principles of autonomy and self determination are the reasons for their high human development. Moore summarises statistics that suggest that the Scandinavian countries are consuming resources far too quickly they rank top of both the carbon emissions usage and they rank high in the WWF’s scale of ecological impact. It could be argued that it is important to consider the environmental impacts of nation’s activities before considering their Human Development ranking. The obvious advantage of the HDI is that it makes it simple to monitor the changes in development of countries over a period of time, it is also effective to use when comparing different countries around the world and how they are developing and which element of the criteria is changing most. There is a drawback to the HDI, Soubbotina Sheram (2000) suggests that it fails to show the significance of the different elements and fails to support why a countries index may have altered over time. It could be argued that the United Nations needs to provide more reasoning and evidence to support changes in figures. Another of the more recent innovative measurements of living standards is the Happy Planet Index developed in 2006; countries are measured on life expectancy, well-being and ecological footprint. Each country is given a particular colour as in the HPI (see Appendix 6) based on their performance; green being good, amber being middle or average, red being bad performance after accumulating the different components for each country. From appendix 6, the countries performing worst are the United States and a lot of African countries including Ethiopia, Kenya and Nigeria. The United Kingdom is ranked in the middle ranking as a result of their poor ecological footprint in which they rank #121 out of the 151 countries. Surprisingly Mexico is one of the best performing countries based on the index ranking 23rd out of 151 with a healthy well-being score. The Happy Planet Index became very popular when it first came out because of the results it produced. Simms Boyle (2009) praises the measure suggesting it is the first measure to combine well-being and environmental impact to find a countries efficiency. A social factor and criticism of the Happy Planet Index is described by Murray, P (2011) he argues that families may find that they do not welcome giving information on personal health to help determine life expectancy and levels of personal health, this suggests that the information for some countries may be inaccurate because a lot of people may have refused to give such sensitive personal information. Another alternative measure which has been viewed as a successor for GDP is the Genuine Progress Indicator, this measure is designed to measure improvements made in economic welfare. GPI takes several factors into consideration including monetary value of voluntary and unpaid work, leisure time. Similarly to the previous measures discussed, GPI takes into consideration income distribution, environmental impacts and state of the environment. The GPI also accounts for the cost of crime in the country being measured. The GPI has been tested across the world in a number of different experiments. Bagstad Shammin (2012) looked at testing different GPI factors in 17 counties in Ohio and compared the results of change from 1990-2005 (see appendix 7), from the table we can see the differences in 15 years in some important factors to the people of Ohio. There have been drastic changes in some factors including net capital investment which is good for the areas because it may improve job prospects. The advantage of GPI in this particular testing process in Ohio is that it combines an element of consumption, GDP per capita and Gini coefficient. The GPI is being used increasingly around the world because it has a number of advantages in comparison to traditional methods such as GDP, the GPI is said to take into consideration negative contributions to growth such as pollution and crime, GPI is effective in measuring people’s living standards and not just a measure of output as is the primary objective of GDP. GPI is much more useful in long term planning than GDP because environmental impacts are taking into consideration and be addressed in the long term. Although GPI takes the value of leisure time and environmental impacts, these factors are very hard to determine a specific value to include in the calculations, GDP per capita in comparison is a much simpler method; GPI is also ineffective in relation to a business cycle. Measures of living standards are ever changing; there may never be a measure more accurate or reliable as another because they all have their criticisms and drawbacks that are fresh within economist’s minds. It is clear that there is a shift of focus from just measuring output of a population through GDP per capita to recognising the issues and factors that affect a population; the alternative measures each focus on social factors such as life expectancy. Rather than looking at just earnings and wages, the newer measures of living standards focus on what is actually relevant to people around the world. GDP per capita and real wages show some difference in the level of wealth and income inequality but it is methods like the Human Development Index which can be used to determine a more global perspective of living standards, to summarise the more traditional methods are useful for measuring the wealth whereas the alternative and more innovative measures focus on the social facto rs that indicate a populations standard of living. Appendices Appendix 1 Source: Branchflower Machin (2014) Appendix 2 Source: ONS (2014) Appendix 3 Yearly change in percentage of Real GDP per capita growth in the UK Source: Eurostat (2014) Appendix 4 Source: The Poverty Site (2010) Appendix 5 HDI Index 2013 top 15 rankings, Source: United Nations Development Programme (2013) Appendix 6 Source: Happy Planet Index (2012) Appendix 7 Source: Bagstad Shammin (2012) Bibliography Bagstad,K, Shammin, R. (2011) ‘Can the Genuine Progress Indicator better inform sustainable regional progress?—A case study for Northeast Ohio’, Ecological Indicators, 18, pp.330-341, Science Direct (Online) Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ergo.glam.ac.uk/science/article/pii/S1470160X11003918# (Accessed 22/11/14). Boyle, D., Simms, A. (2009). The New Economics: A Bigger Picture. Oxford: Routledge. Branchflower, D., Machin, S. (2014) ‘Falling real wages’, Paper No CEPCP422, 19 (1) pp. 19-21. CentrePiece (Online). Available at: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/cp422.pdf (Accessed 17/11/14) Burtless, G (1987). 1st edn. Work, Health and Income among the Elderly. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution. Crafts, N., Gazeley, I. Newell, A. (2007). Work and Pay in 20th Century Brtiain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Elliot, L (2014) ‘Living standards should be central measure of UK economic performance’ 12 March (Online) Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/mar/12/living-standard-measure-economic-growth (Accessed 16/11/14) Eurostat (2014). Real GDP per capita, growth rate and totals. Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/graph.do?tab=graphplugin=1pcode=tsdec100language=entoolbox=sort. Accessed (17/11/14). Happy Planet Index (2012). HPI 2012: Map View. Available at: http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/. (Accessed 21/11/14) International Labour Organisation. (2003). 3rd edn. Key Indicators of the Labour Market. Geneva: ILO Publications. Mankiw, N (2011). 6th edn. Principles of Economics. Ohio: South-western publishing. McKinley, T (1995). The Distribution of Wealth in Rural China. Oxford: Routledge. Moore, H (2014). ‘Why Scandinavia is not the model for global prosperity we should all pursue’. 1st December (Online). Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/dec/01/why-scandinavia-is-not-the-model-for-global-prosperity-we-should-all-pursue. (Accessed 1/12/14) Murray, P. (2011). The Sustainable Self: A Personal Approach to Sustainability Education. Oxford: Routledge. Nordhaus, W. (1997). P.27-70. The Economics of New Goods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ONS (2014). The UK has one of the fastest growing economies in the G7. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/elmr/gdp-and-the-labour-market/q1-2014may-gdp-update/sty-gdp-g7-economies.html. Accessed (17/11/14). Parrillo, V (2008). Encyclopedia of Social Problems. Washington DC: Sage Publications. Soubbotina, T., Sheram, K. (2000). Beyond Economic Growth: Meeting the Challenges of Global Development. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. The Economist (2014). What recovery? Real wages 413(8910), 32(US). 25th October. Retrieved from: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA387050752v=2.1u=uwcnit=rp=STNDsw=wasid=a520ff594e7283ba19a015fcb5d8e35f (Accessed 17/11/14). The Poverty Site (2010). European Union: Gini Coefficient. Available at: http://www.poverty.org.uk/e14/index.shtml. Accessed (17/11/14). Treanor, J Farrell, S (2014). ‘UK only G7 country with wider inequality than at turn of century’. 14th October (Online). Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/oct/14/uk-inequality-wealth-credit-suisse. Accessed (17/11/14). Tucker, I (2013). Macroeconomics for Today. 8th edn. Ohio: South-western publishing. United Nations Development Programme (2013). Human Development Index and its components. Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components. (Accessed 21/11/14)

Jack’s Transformation in Jack and the Beanstalk Essay -- Jack and the

Jack and the Beanstalk – Jack’s Transformation  Ã‚  Ã‚      "Jack and the Beanstalk" is an example of a Buildungsroman. As the tale progresses, Jack evolves from an immature person into a mature, self-assertive person. While minor differences exist in various versions of the tale, such as those between Joseph Jacobs' and Horace Elisha Scudder's versions, the tale can always be read as Jack's quest for maturity. Some critics, however, analyze the tale as one in which Jack remains spoiled and immature. While they make points which support their claims, careful analysis of the tale will reveal that Jack's struggle to grow up and to achieve maturity is representative of the difficult process of adolescent (especially male) maturation and the process of adolescent socialization.            Some critics, as previously stated, maintain that Jack does not mature or learn any lesson during the tale. For example, Nell B. Byers writes that Jack is "a fellow who makes what would not be thought of as a prudent investment; who is not above trickery in outwitting the giant's wife; who steals the giant's treasures; and who, having killed the giant, lives with his mother happily ever afterward in affluence" (26). Byers' statement would lead one to believe that Jack does not change very much. Granted, a literal reading of most versions of the tale supports Byers' statements. Jack appears to be an immature, spoiled brat, or worse. Yet, a deeper reading is required to fully understand the tale's meaning.            Another critic, William Mayne, comments on Jack's lack of maturity and morality in Joseph Jacobs' version of "Jack and the Beanstalk." In this version, Mayne claims that Jack "went up to another land where he had no right to be, and set o... ... Works Cited Bettelheim, Bruno. The Use of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977. Byers, Nell B. "Porridge For Goldilocks." Education Digest March 1949: 25-26. Jacobs, Joseph. English Fairy Tales. 3rd ed. New York: Schocken Books, 1967. Mayne, William ed. Book of Giants. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1968. Scudder, Horace Elisha. "Jack and the Beanstalk." The Children's Hour: Folk Stories and Fables. Ed. Eva March Tappen. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1907. 23-33. Utley, Francis Lee. Introduction. Once Upon a Time: On the Nature of Fairy Tales. By Max Luthi. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1970. 14-15. Wolfenstein, Martha. "Jack and the Beanstalk: An American Version." In Childhood in Contemporary Cultures. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. 243-45.   

The Role of Travel Essay -- Traveling Sociology

Travel is an effective way to experience other nations and their cultures. Open minded traveling allows people to immerse themselves in the culture of foreign nations. But, there are some forms of travel that revolve around a different mindset, a mindset in which the goal is to impose your culture on another’s culture. Examples of this negative imperialist type of travel are the travels of exploration done by Christopher Columbus’ in the Americas and, American soldiers in Vietnam, depicted in Francis Coopla’s film â€Å"The Apocalypse Now: Redux.† The negative effects of other forms of travel include the travels of migration to London by Caribbean’s in Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners. Through travel you are provided with means to learn about a nation and to engage in foreign cultures firsthand nevertheless, some forms of travel are unconstructive towards the learning process. In letters written by Christopher Columbus, his accounts of the exploration of the Americas showed how travel can be negative. Columbus wrote to Argon sovereigns, Santangel and Sanchez, about his time in the Americas. Their only source of information about the nation and its culture came from Columbus’ narratives and stereotypes. His letters flirted with the truth; it seemed Columbus’ intentions were to make the people of the Americas appear inferior and to make conquering them sound like an easy task. Throughout his letters Columbus shows a lack of respect for the people of the Americas and their culture. In the quote, â€Å"I found innumerable people and very many islands, of which I took possession in Your Highnesses’ name,† Columbus neglects the fact that the islands were already inhabited by the people of the Americas. (Zamora, 3). Columbus is a good ex... ...tives and misconceptions to be a part of their trips nations and their cultures will continue to be misrepresented. The negative aspects of travel are found in Columbus ‘exploration of the Americas, the conquest of Vietnam in the film The Apocalypse Now: Redux, Caribbean’s migration to London in The Lonely Londoners. But if travelers became more self aware perhaps more trips would be like self-defining like Stella’s in How Stella Got Her Groove Back. Travel is an essential part of our lives and it will only be a positive part if we allow ourselves and our minds to be open to other nations and their cultures. Work Cited: The Apocalayse Now: Redux.Dir.Fracncis Ford Coppola. Paramont Pictures,2001 McMilan, Terry. How Stella Got Her Groove Back. New York: Penguin Group, 1997. Selvon, Sam. The Lonely Londoners.Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited,1956.

Solar Energy Facts

ASTOUNDING SOLAR ENERGY FACTS What is solar energy? People often think of solar energy as solar panels mounted on roofs in sunny neighborhoods. This is only part of solar energy (â€Å"Solar energy facts,†2012). Solar energy is the oldest energy source. Plants, animal and the microbial life have been using it as a principle energy source since the times of creation. It is in the form of heat and light. In the past years, people have tapped solar energy enabling it to be used at all times; including the nights, in all weather conditions, can be stored as well as be transferred.Solar energy can be defined as the technology used to exploit the sun’s power and make it usable. Solar energy facts * Solar energy makes life a reality. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight and provide food and oxygen which animals consume to live. Human bodies absorb solar energy this helps to regulate body temperature. Sunlight also provides vitamin D, which is necessary to human healt h. * Solar energy is an extremely clean energy source. It is environmentally healthier than traditionally fossil related forms of energy since it does not emit any known pollutants to the environment. The earth absorbs approximately 3. 85 million exajoules of energy from the sun. This is big compared to the earth’s use of about 56. 7 exajoules. The sun is the sole source of solar energy, believed to last for more than 5 billion years. This means solar energy is the most renewable and viable source of energy. * The practical use of solar energy is inexhaustible. Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) proposed the concentrating solar principle, which a concave mirror directs rays to solar water heaters. Also upon launch, satellites and spacecrafts use solar energy as their main source. Solar energy is responsible for the weather and ocean currents. Majority of the thermal energy which is due to solar energy stored in the ocean. This means the transfer of energy on the earth’s sur face relates to the ocean-atmosphere. Utilization of solar energy * Solar thermal plants concentrate the sun’s energy as a heat source to boil water used to run steam powered turbines to generate electricity. * Solar panels using photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electricity to light homes, though storage batteries may be needed. Solar energy can be used in war, as from Archimedes who by directing heat rays using mirrors burned down ships that had siege Syracuse. * Solar water heater utilizes solar energy to warm water for homes. Also by the use of heat absorbent surfaces, solar energy can be used to heat pools. * In food processing, solar energy presents a significant functionality in drying. In summary, solar energy is a renewable source of green energy and has a tremendous and endless industrial utilization.It is also vital to life and nature. This solar energy facts reveal that solar is the main green energy source at hand. References Solar Energy Information a nd Facts(2010). Retrieved from http://www. valopia. com/index. php/Solar/solar-energy-information-and-facts. html Solar Energy Facts. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. solarenergy-facts. org/ Solar power facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. solarpowerfacts. biz/ Wind Solar Projects. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. windsolarprojects. com/

Discrimination in sport Essay

The Project to Eliminate Homophobia in Sport is a collaborative effort involving seven leading national organizations and is designed to create an educated public that respects all athletes and sports-affiliated personnel regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity/expressions. The Project has four main goals: EDUCATION Educate athletes, their parents, guardians, coaches, administrators and the public, plus other key influencers about the origins and effects of homophobia in sport and the relationship of homophobia to sexism and gender oppression. RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION Cultivate and develop diversified resources to ensure the effectiveness, durability and strength of the Project to Eliminate Homophobia in Sport. ADVOCACY Advocate for fair policy guidelines on teams, at events and within the workplace for lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT) sport professionals, athletes and fans in sport. RECOGNITION To publicly recognize the athletic achievements and professional successes of openly LGBT sports participants, thereby providing healthy role models. Active Sports Partnerships achieve Racial Equality Standard Three Active Sports Partnerships (ASPs) have become the first ASPs to achieve the Preliminary Level of the Sporting Equals Achieving Racial Equality: A Standard for Sport. The three Active Sports Partnerships Bucks and Milton Keynes, Humber and West Yorkshire were assessed by a separate panel chaired by Chris Hudson of Sheffield Hallam University reporting to the Sporting Equals Assessment Panel. The ASPs joined five governing bodies Amateur Athletics Association, Amateur Swimming Association, British Canoe Union, Rugby Football Union for Women and UK Athletics who were also awarded Preliminary Level by a panel consisting of representatives from Sport England and Sporting Equals, as well as representatives from other national governing bodies of sport. The sports and sports organisations already awarded the Preliminary Level are basketball, cricket, hockey, gymnastics, Institute of Sport and Recreation Management, lawn tennis, rugby league, rugby union and sportscoach UK and Sportsmatch. Chris Hudson, a Lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University and the Chair of the Active Sports Assessment Panel, said: We hope that this recognition of the commitment and success of the first three Partnerships will be a catalyst to encourage others to achieve the Standard. Trevor Brooking, the Chair of Sport England said: I would like to congratulate these Active Sports Partnerships on signing up to the Standard and would like to see all the Partnerships follow their lead. Sport England expects all sports to put policies, procedures and plans in place to tackle racism and promote racial equality. What Is Discrimination? Discrimination has various forms and it happens very day. Discrimination involves making choices about how we treat other people. Those choices can be made using real and relevant information or they can be based on prejudice, stereotypes and bias. Some is unlawful (for example, sexual harassment and racial discrimination)and some is not (for example, a coach who shows favouritism towards their child over other players). All discrimination is undesirable if it leads to unfair treatment of players, members and other participants in recreation and sport. What is Fair Discrimination? A good example in sport relates to team selection. If you are a coach/selector, and you have more players than you can fit in your team, you must discriminate between the available players. You must choose who will be in the starting team and what positions they will play, to arrive at the best possible team. In junior and sub junior sport you have the additional responsibility to ensure fair participation. Those choices should be based upon relevant criteria such as ability, attitude, effort, and attendance at practice. These are all fair and legitimate criteria to apply to team selection. What is Unlawful Discrimination? In sport, this is not easy to define. The Equal Opportunity Act makes discrimination on the grounds of race, sex, age, disability, pregnancy, sexuality and marital status unlawful. The laws also say that two behaviours, sexual harassment and victimisation are also unlawful. However, things like age, gender and disability can have very significant effects on sporting ability. These differences are most evident at the elite sport level. For example compare the power of the best male tennis players with the power of the best female tennis players. To take into account these differences, and to make sure there is fair competition, the law allows for teams to be organised into groups such as age groups, or single sex groups.

A Cat, a Dog and a Snake

There was a trio that once loved their life. Their lives are splendid. Do not get me wrong, they are not three friends, but they are actually three living animals living in a luxurious house. They can not even look at each other. But this situation will change soon. The first animal I want to introduce to you is a cat called a cat. Cats are gray British short hair with yellow eyes at sunrise. Next, there is a dog called a dog. A dog is a Dalmatian dog looking at the Hudson River. Scholarships can be divided into gin. They are said to be ameba, birds, cats, dogs, snakes, donkeys, lions, goats - at least once, buffaloes - and other humans, usually beautiful women. Extreme weather can drive them away and big dogs can. They like many hours after sunset before sunrise. If there is no unmanned construction site on the outskirts of the city, you have to go to a ridiculous place, preferably a cemetery if possible. Each djinn has a name, you need to write it on a piece of paper and burn it wi th musk, saffron and incense. To see them, you have to trust them, Shah explained. So, how do you teach the difference between Jon Snow and a dog and a cat? This is very intuitive - you take him for a walk When you see the cat, you point out it and say This is a cat. So you point out it again and say This is a dog. As time goes on, you will learn to distinguish between the two so that you keep showing a lot of dogs and cats. Classification: It is necessary to classify observations into groups. In the above figure, if you attach a point, you need to classify it as a blue dot or a red dot. There are several examples - do you anticipate whether a given email is spam or spam? Is the detected particle Higgs particle or ordinary elementary particle particle? You can also assign news articles to groups such as sports, weather, science etc. Most people live for a while when they choose to keep pets. Some people choose strange animals such as birds, snakes, and rodents. But most people choos e more common quadruped animals: cats and dogs. Dogs and cats share some common features, but they are very different animals that have different attitudes, needs and customs. Understanding these differences can help people choose between which of them is their best pet. Both cats and dogs give friends and friends to their owners, but they also strain your time and finances. Cats and dogs are charged. Regardless of the type of pet you need to take care of the shooting and the veterinarian in order to maintain the health of the animal. As with all animals, dogs and cats are bored, so you need toys to occupy them. They all need to eat. Most importantly, cats and dogs need a lot of love and attention. A Cat, a Dog and a Snake There was a trio that once loved their life. Their lives are splendid. Do not get me wrong, they are not three friends, but they are actually three living animals living in a luxurious house. They can not even look at each other. But this situation will change soon. The first animal I want to introduce to you is a cat called a cat. Cats are gray British short hair with yellow eyes at sunrise. Next, there is a dog called a dog. A dog is a Dalmatian dog looking at the Hudson River. Scholarships can be divided into gin. They are said to be ameba, birds, cats, dogs, snakes, donkeys, lions, goats - at least once, buffaloes - and other humans, usually beautiful women. Extreme weather can drive them away and big dogs can. They like many hours after sunset before sunrise. If there is no unmanned construction site on the outskirts of the city, you have to go to a ridiculous place, preferably a cemetery if possible. Each djinn has a name, you need to write it on a piece of paper and burn it wi th musk, saffron and incense. To see them, you have to trust them, Shah explained. So, how do you teach the difference between Jon Snow and a dog and a cat? This is very intuitive - you take him for a walk When you see the cat, you point out it and say This is a cat. So you point out it again and say This is a dog. As time goes on, you will learn to distinguish between the two so that you keep showing a lot of dogs and cats. Classification: It is necessary to classify observations into groups. In the above figure, if you attach a point, you need to classify it as a blue dot or a red dot. There are several examples - do you anticipate whether a given email is spam or spam? Is the detected particle Higgs particle or ordinary elementary particle particle? You can also assign news articles to groups such as sports, weather, science etc. Most people live for a while when they choose to keep pets. Some people choose strange animals such as birds, snakes, and rodents. But most people choos e more common quadruped animals: cats and dogs. Dogs and cats share some common features, but they are very different animals that have different attitudes, needs and customs. Understanding these differences can help people choose between which of them is their best pet. Both cats and dogs give friends and friends to their owners, but they also strain your time and finances. Cats and dogs are charged. Regardless of the type of pet you need to take care of the shooting and the veterinarian in order to maintain the health of the animal. As with all animals, dogs and cats are bored, so you need toys to occupy them. They all need to eat. Most importantly, cats and dogs need a lot of love and attention.